Mbiri yachidule ya chitukuko cha magalimoto

Mu 1880, woyambitsa waku America Edison adapanga jenereta yayikulu ya DC yotchedwa "The Colossus", yomwe idawonetsedwa ku Paris Exposition mu 1881.

Edison bambo wa Direct current
Pa nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha galimoto yamagetsi ikuchitikanso.Jenereta ndi mota ndi ntchito ziwiri zosiyana zamakina omwewo.Kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chipangizo chamakono chotulutsa ndi jenereta, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ngati chipangizo chamagetsi ndi injini.

Mfundo yosinthika iyi ya makina amagetsi inatsimikiziridwa mwangozi mu 1873. Pachiwonetsero cha mafakitale ku Vienna chaka chino, wogwira ntchito analakwitsa ndipo analumikiza waya ku jenereta ya Gram yothamanga.Zinapezeka kuti rotor ya jenereta inasintha njira ndipo nthawi yomweyo inapita kwina.Njirayi imatembenuka ndikukhala injini.Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu azindikira kuti mota ya DC imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jenereta komanso chinthu chosinthika chagalimoto.Kupezeka kosayembekezereka kumeneku kwakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe ndi kupanga kwa injini.

Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wopangira magetsi komanso ukadaulo wamagetsi, mapangidwe ndi kupanga ma mota akukhalanso angwiro.Pofika zaka za m'ma 1890, ma motors a DC anali ndi zida zonse zamagalimoto amakono a DC.Ngakhale galimoto ya DC yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo yatulutsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma pakugwiritsa ntchito, zofooka zake zimalepheretsa kukula kwake.Ndiko kuti, sikungathe kuthetsa kutumizira mphamvu kwa mtunda wautali, kapena kuthetsa vuto la kutembenuka kwa magetsi, kotero kuti ma AC motors apangidwa mofulumira.

Panthawi imeneyi, ma motors awiri ndi atatu-gawo adatuluka mmodzi pambuyo pake.Mu 1885, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Italy Galileo Ferraris anapereka mfundo yozungulira mphamvu ya maginito ndikupanga chitsanzo chamagulu awiri asynchronous motor.Mu 1886, Nikola Tesla, yemwe anasamukira ku United States, nayenso pawokha anapanga injini yamagulu awiri asynchronous motor.Mu 1888, injiniya wamagetsi waku Russia Dolivo Dobrovolsky adapanga makina atatu a AC single gologolo khola asynchronous motor.Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ma motors a AC, makamaka chitukuko chopambana cha ma motors a AC a magawo atatu, apanga zinthu zotumizira mphamvu zakutali, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo zasintha luso lamagetsi ku siteji yatsopano.

Tesla, bambo wa alternating current
Cha m'ma 1880, British Ferranti anakonza alternator ndipo anapereka lingaliro la AC high-voltage kufala.Mu 1882, Gordon ku England anapanga alternator yaikulu ya magawo awiri.Mu 1882, Mfalansa Gorand ndi Mngelezi John Gibbs adalandira chilolezo cha "Njira Yowunikira ndi Kugawa Mphamvu", ndipo adapanga bwino thiransifoma yoyamba ndi phindu lenileni.zida zofunika kwambiri.Pambuyo pake, Westinghouse inakonza zomanga za Gibbs thiransifoma, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthika ndi ntchito zamakono.Mu 1891, Blow adapanga thiransifoma yomizidwa ndi mafuta kwambiri ku Switzerland, ndipo pambuyo pake adapanga chosinthira chachikulu kwambiri chamagetsi.Kutumiza kwamagetsi amtundu wautali wa AC kwapita patsogolo kwambiri chifukwa chakusintha kosalekeza kwa ma transfoma.

Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 100 za chitukuko, chiphunzitso cha injini yokha chakhala chokhwima.Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha uinjiniya wamagetsi, sayansi yamakompyuta ndi ukadaulo wowongolera, kukula kwa mota kwalowa gawo latsopano.Pakati pawo, chitukuko cha AC speed regulation motor ndi chokopa kwambiri maso, koma sichinatchulidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa chimazindikiridwa ndi zigawo zozungulira ndi ma rotary converter unit, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake sikuli bwino. ya DC Speed ​​​​Regulation.

Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1970, makina osinthira magetsi amagetsi atayambitsidwa, zovuta zochepetsera zida, kuchepetsa kukula, kuchepetsa mtengo, kuwongolera bwino, komanso kuthetsa phokoso zidathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuwongolera liwiro la AC kunapambana.Pambuyo poyambitsa makina owongolera vekitala, machitidwe osasunthika komanso osunthika a makina owongolera liwiro a AC adasinthidwa.Pambuyo potengera kuwongolera kwa ma microcomputer, ma aligorivimu owongolera vekitala amazindikiridwa ndi mapulogalamu kuti akhazikitse dera la hardware, potero amachepetsa mtengo ndikuwongolera kudalirika, komanso ndizotheka kuzindikira ukadaulo wowongolera zovuta.Kupita patsogolo kwachangu kwamagetsi amagetsi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera ma microcomputer ndiye mphamvu yoyendetsera makina owongolera liwiro la AC.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha zida za maginito osowa padziko lapansi komanso chitukuko chaukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, ma mota amagetsi okhazikika apita patsogolo kwambiri.Magalimoto ndi ma jenereta pogwiritsa ntchito zida za maginito za NdFeB zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuyambira kuthamangitsa sitima kupita ku mapampu amagazi opangira mtima.Ma injini a Superconducting amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale popangira magetsi komanso kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi zothamanga kwambiri komanso zombo.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kupititsa patsogolo kwa magwiridwe antchito a zopangira ndikuwongolera njira zopangira, ma motors akupangidwa ndi mitundu makumi masauzande amitundu ndi mafotokozedwe, milingo yamagetsi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (kuchokera mamiliyoni angapo a Watt kupitilira 1000MW), komanso liwiro lalikulu kwambiri.Kusiyanasiyana (kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka mazana masauzande osinthika pamphindi), kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe (monga malo athyathyathya, mapiri, mpweya, pansi pamadzi, mafuta, malo ozizira, madera otentha, konyowa, madera otentha, m'nyumba, panja, Magalimoto , zombo, zofalitsa zosiyanasiyana, etc.), kuti akwaniritse zosowa za magawo osiyanasiyana a chuma cha dziko ndi moyo wa anthu.